Classic Theories of Child Development:ERIKSON
Muscular-Anal Stage
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
1 year to 3 years
- Biologically includes learning to walk, feed self, talk
- Muscular maturation sets stage for "holding on and letting go"
- Need for outer control, firmness of caretaker prior to development
of autonomy
- Shame occurs when child is overtly self-conscious via negative exposure
- Self-doubt can evolve if parents overly shame child, e.g. about elimination
